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NEOTROPICAL PRIMATE SUBSPECIES (CENTRAL/SOUTH AMERICA) |
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Neotropical Primate Subspecies (all are Central or South America)
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Alouatta palliata mexicana
northern boundaires: region of Los Tuxtlas in southern Veracruz, northern montains of Oaxaca (Chimalapa region) and southern-Pacific region of Chiapas state
Alouatta seniculus juara
Brazil (Rio Solimões), Ecuador (Rio Tigre - Oriente), northern Peru, Colombia, Venezuela (Amazonas) 8˚17'N to 1˚44'S, 67˚07'E to 78˚19' W
243 Aotus azarai boliviensis
In Bolivia the subspecies is found south of the Río Madre de Dios and the Rio Guaporé. The limit with the distribution of A.a. azarai has not been clearly characterized, but A.a.boliviensis probably ranges as far south to where the Chiquitania and Chaco begin.
312 Ateles geoffroyi geoffroyi
Restricted to Nicaragua in the areas of Uluce, Matagalpa (12.9 N, 85.9 W) southwards to Lake Jiloa, Managua (12.2 N, 86.3W), with Villa Somoza, Chontales (12.1 N, 85.0 W) appearing to represent the transition to A. g. frontatus..
314 Ateles geoffroyi grisescens
locality of Chepigana, Darién, Panama (8.3 N, 78.0 W)). The currently known distribution is thus restricted to Rio Tuira.
913 Ateles geoffroyi pan
Presumed to inhabit the central highlands of Guatemala not Tikal or the Peten.
715 Ateles hybridus brunneus
'Found between the lower Cauca and Magdalena Rivers in the Department of Bolivar, Antioquia, and Caldas', Colombia p. 349
263 Cacajao calvus novaesi
The distribution of Cacajao calvus novaesi is on the left bank of the Juruá and at Lago da Fortuna, Carauari to the north. Peres also recorded Cacajao calvus on the right bank of the upper Juruá River at Sobral, but this population could have been either Cacajao calvus novaesi or Cacajao calvus ucayalii.
668 Cacajao calvus rubicundus
Cacajao calvus rubicundus is distributed on the north bank of the Solimões River in Amazonas, Brazil from opposite São Paulo de Olivença, to the mouth of the Içá River (Hershkovitz 1987a). Cacajao calvus rubicundus also occurs south of the Solimões west of the Jutaí River at the Jutaí-Solimões Ecological Station (Nogueira-Neto 1992).
Cacajao calvus rubicundus is reddish or reddish chestnut, with the area from the nape to between the shoulders buffy or whitish red. From the midback to the rump the tips of the hairs are buffy or pale orange. The tail is reddish or reddish orange sometimes mixed with pale golden tipped hairs. The beard is reddish proximally and becomes darker, almost to black distally. The face and ears are lightly pigmented, mottled, or unpigmented, and genitalia are naked and blackish in coloration (Hershkovitz 1987a).
Most photos labeled rubicundus are actually ucayalii.
The naked red head of Cacajao calvus is its most characteristic feature, distinguishing it from the congeneric melanocephalus and all other primates. As with melanocephalus, the tail is very short (around 1/3 body length) and non-prehensile (even in infants). The nose very strongly platyrrhine.
The fur is long and coarse. In C. c. uacayalii it is reddish orange or reddish golden throughout the body (distinguishing it from the white-furred C. c. calvus), without an area of paler fur on the nape (as in rubicundus) or over the entire upper back (as in novaesi) .
Hershkovitz (1) reports a north-to-south gradation in coloration, with specimens from the south being paler than those from the north. Ecological correlates for this (if any) are currently unknown.
259 Cacajao melanocephalus melanocephalus
SW Venezuela, NW Brazil. (Groves 2001). North and East of the Rio Negro. The Rio Negro is the major boundary between this and the other sub-species ouakary, where it forms the southern and eastern limits. The Rio Araça may be the eastern limit of this taxon [7]. The northern and north-western limits are still uncertain.
Cebuella pygmaea niveiventris
South of the Solimoes river, including its southern bank. Also in the upper reaches of the river systems between the Rio Napo and at least the Rio Ucayali
Cebus albifrons cuscinus
Peru in the Rio Urubamba Valley and the Rio Alto Madre de Dios region ( Hershkovitz 1949). IUCN Red List also indicates this subspecies is found in Bolivia and Brazil.
From the eastern slopes of Ecuador and Peru, at high altitudes (Groves 2001)
Cebus albifrons malitiosus
Very restricted range on the northwestern slopes of the Santa Marta Mountains (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta), Magdalena, on the northern coast of Colombia. Range may extend to the lower western and northern slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountains but to date the limits of this subspecies range are not well known.
Cebus albifrons versicolor
The Middle R. Magdalena region, from the R. Cesar west into the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta to about 500 m altitude, to about the R. Cauca; east into Zulia State, Venezuela. Groves 2001
this subspecies as endemic to northern Colombia, ranging from the Cauca-Magdalena interfluvium.
Cebus apella fatuellus
'Colombia: upper Magdalena valley, according to Tate. Villavicencio and other localities on R. Guaviare, Colombia, and on the R. Negros.' Groves 2001
According to Hill (1960) the range of this form is eastern and north-central Colombia, along with a large part of western Venezuela up to Lake Maracaibo., possibly extending southwards along the lower slopes of the Andes into Peru, where it would meet the range of C. a. peruanus.
Cebus apella peruanus
a range between Iquitos and the R. Napo, Ecuador Groves (2001)
The range given by Hill (1960) was a small blob around thr type locality at the mouth of Tocantins river, otherwise entirely surrounded by Cebus apella apella. Groves (2001) stated that he had seen specimens from the south bank of the lower Amazon as far west as the Madeira river. This would take in part of Hill´s (1960) ranges for (between the Tocantins and Xingu rivers) and C. a. macrocephalus (between the Tapajós and Madeira rivers). Lönnberg (1939) indicated that it occurs some way to the southwest of type locality, presumably between the Tocantins and Xingu at least.
Cebus apella tocantinus
The range given by Hill (1960) was a small blob around thr type locality at the mouth of Tocantins river, otherwise entirely surrounded by Cebus apella apella. Groves (2001) stated that he had seen specimens from the south bank of the lower Amazon as far west as the Madeira river. This would take in part of Hill´s (1960) ranges for (between the Tocantins and Xingu rivers) and C. a. macrocephalus (between the Tapajós and Madeira rivers). Lönnberg (1939) indicated that it occurs some way to the southwest of type locality, presumably between the Tocantins and Xingu at least.
'the south bank of the lower Amazon, as far west as the lower R. Madeira.' Groves 2001 P.154)
Cebus capucinus curtus
Island of Gorgona, Colombia which is in the Pacific Ocean
Cebus nigritus cucullatus
Rio Tietê valley, banks of River Paraná, São paulo state, the west of the state of Paraná (Porto Camargo, Rio Paraná, east bank, mouth of the Rio Ivaí) as well as western São Paulo (Valparaiso, between the Rios Tietê and Paranapanema), Lins (middle Rio Tietê), Presidente Epitácio (Rio Paraná, south of the Rio Tietê), and Porto Cabral (Rio Paraná, Pontal do Paranapanema), east of the Rio Paraná.
Cebus olivaceus apiculatus
La Unión, Río Cuara, Venezuela
Cebus olivaceus brunneus
northern Venezuela
Cebus olivaceus castaneus
Cayenne, French Guiana
Cebus olivaceus nigrivittatus
the upper Rio Branco Brazil
Cebus olivaceus olivaceus
southern foot of Monte Roraima, Brazil
318 Lagothrix cana cana
from Santa Rosa, on the upper Ucayali, and Monte Alegrea, on the R. Pachitea. Both these localities are very close to sites from which L. poeppigii has been collected, and Peres’s (1993) observation of these two on both sides of the Juruá was quoted above.'
319 Lagothrix cana tschudii
Middle Amazonia in southwestern Brazil, southeastern Peru, and northern Bolivia; south of the Rio Solimoes/Amazonas, between the Rios Tapajos and Juruá, and westward to the headwaters of the Rio Ucayali (Fooden). The type locality of tschudii is unknown… Members of this species from the highlands at the southwestern part of the range are much darker than others, a deep blackish grey, with a tinge of red; the head, limbs and tail are black.' Groves 2001
Pithecia monachus monachus
Amazonian region in Ecuador (near to or overlapping distribution with P. equatorialis and P. monachus milleri), Peru (river basins of the Huallaga, Ucayali, and Purus), and east to Brazil to the west bank (left) of the Rio Jurua in western Amazonas and the state of Acre.
178 Saguinus fuscicollis crandalli
'Hershkovitz (1977) proposes that it occurs south of the range of S. f. acrensis, between the upper Rios Purus and Jurua, on the Peru/Brazil frontier.' page 58
175 Saguinus fuscicollis cruzlimai
'The distribution of this subspecies is not know. Hershkovitz (1968) placed it tentatively in the upper Rio Purus region, south of the Rio Tapaua, in Brazil. However, following the discovery of S.f. primitivus in 1970, Hershkovitz (1977) placed it equally tenatively north of the Rio Tapaua, east of the Rio Purus.' page 53
167 Saguinus fuscicollis fuscicollis
' occurs to the south of the Rio Solimoes, between the Rio Javari in the west and the Rio Jutai and upper Rio Jurua in the east. It is possible that it also extends further east to the lower Rio Jurua (Hershkovitz, 1977). Hodun et al., (1981) reported it west of the Rio Yavari as far as the Rio Tapiche, an eastern tributary of the Rio Ucayali.' page 51
169 Saguinus fuscicollis illigeri
'In Loreto, eastern Peru, between the lower Rios Huallaga and Ucayali, from the south bank of the Maranon south to the Rio Caxiabatay and, possibly, to the Pisqui' page 649
171 Saguinus fuscicollis lagonotus
'S. f. lagonotus occurs between the Rios Napo and Maranon, west to the Andes in Peru and eastern Ecuador..… Thorington (1988) argued….that it may extend north of the river, where it would be sympatric with S. tripartitus.' page 55
170 Saguinus fuscicollis leucogenys
'Confined to north central Peru, from San Martin, through Huanaco and Pasco to the Rio Perene, northern Juno, east to the Rio Ucayali in Loreto to as far north as the Rio Pisqui' Groves 2001 page 54
177 Saguinus fuscicollis melanoleucus
Occurs west of the Rio Tarauaca, to the east of the Rio Jurua..' The southern limit of S.f. melanoleucus remains unclear.page 57
176 Saguinus fuscicollis primitivus
'Known only from Pauini, below the mouth of the Rio Pauini, and from the region of the upper Rio Purus, presumably restricted to the west (left bank) of the river (Hershkovitz, 1977). The range probably extends west from the Rio Purus, between the Rios Pauini and Tapaua to the Rios Jurua and Tarauaca (Hershkovitz, 1977).'page 56
187 Saguinus imperator subgrisescens
Southeastern Peru, Northeastern Bolivia and Southwestern Brazil; in Peru, southeast from the Sheshea river, entering Brazil, between the Eiru and Juruá rivers, and in Bolivia, south of the Tahuamanu river.
184 Saguinus labiatus rufiventer
'Extends south from the Rio Solimoes between the Rio Madeira and Purus to the Rio Ixpxuna, an east bank tributary of the Rio Purus' page 74
185 Saguinus labiatus thomasi
'Sousa e Silva (1988) suggested that it occurs throughout the region between the left bank of the Tonantins to beyond the Auati-Parana. It may even extend west as far as the Rio Ica, but there is no record of it occuring in Colombia.' page 63
189 Saguinus martinsi martinsi
'Confined to the north of the Rio Amazonas, between the Rio Ereecuru and the Rio Nhamunda (Hershkovitz, 1977). Its northern limits are unknown.' page 9 Endemic to Brazil
190 Saguinus martinsi ochraceus
'Northeastern Amazonas, Brazil, on the right bank of lower Rio Nhamundá; the range may extend west between the Nhamundá and northern bank of the Rio Amazonas to the Rio Uatumã.” (page 747). Endemic to Brazil
181 Saguinus mystax pluto
' The distribution of S.m. pluto is rather problematic. Hershkovitz (1968, 1977) argued that it occurs south of the Rio Solimoes , between the Rios Purus and Madeira, south to at least 7˚ or 8˚ latitude, but the southern limits are not known.' page 60
165 Saguinus nigricollis hernandezi
'In eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru extends from the Sucumbios-Putumayo River, between Ecuador and Colombia; east to the Guepi and Lagartochoca Rivers; south through the Agyaruci River basin into the right bank of the Napo River basin; then south from between the river and the foothills of the Cordillera Oriental to the north bank of the Maranon-Amazonas in Peru' page 40
164 Saguinus nigricollis nigricollis
' occurs between the Rios Solimoes-Amazonas and Ica-Tutumayo, at least as far west as the mouth of the Rio Napo (Hershkovitz, 1977). In Colombia , its distribution is poorly known, but…..it occurs north of the Rio Putumayo to the Rio Caqueta, east to the Brazilian border, including its, as yet undocumented presence between the Rios Japura and Ica in Brazil'. page 49
227 Saimiri boliviensis jaburuensis
1940 Saimiri boliviensis jaburuensis Lönnberg. Brazil: Jaburú, R. Purús, Amazonas.
Hershkovitz (1987) likewise revived Lönnberg’s subspecies jaburuensis, stating that it is differentiated by the crown being in males agouti as in S. b. peruviensis and in females blackish as in both sexes of S. b. boliviensis. As males answering to this description are not stated to occur beyond the type locality, it is unlikely to be more than a simple polymorphism of restricted distribution.
As S. boliviensis is found on the west bank of the R. Purus at Jaburú (type locality of jaburuensis Lönnberg), the two must be parapatric or marginally sympatric on the south bank of the Amazon (= Solimões) between R. Purús and L. Tefé.
228 Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis
Amazonian Peru south of the Rio Maranon-Amazonas from west bank of the Rio Tapiche, west to the lower Rio Huallaga basin, south through the department of San Martin.
768 Saimiri boliviensis pluvialis
Brazil, Along Western Amazon and the Rio Juvari, although not clearly known
223 Saimiri sciureus albigena
Colombian Ilanos east from Cordillera Oriental in the Intendencias of Arauca, Casanare, and Guaviare. To unknown limit eastward
224 Saimiri sciureus cassiquiarensis
Brazil: Upper Amazonia, north of Rio Solimoes and west of the Rio Demeni-Negro. Venezuala: in the Rio Orinoco-Casiquiare basin. West into Colombia between the Rios Apaporis and Inirida. |
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- Colour images ONLY |
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(for use other than book, magazine or brochure eg. poster, calender, advert, tv, website etc) |
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| Notes on Budget: |
This is for the All the World's Primates book and website. The species will be in the book. The subspecies will be on the limited access website in low resolution which may eventually go public. Photo credit will be given next to the photo. |
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